Vin is connected to the LM385D chip which contains two op amps. The Vin is direct y connected to the power supply. I still dont understand why there are two voltage regulator chips.
The two chips are voltage regulators that produce 5v. The power supply should be between 9v and 15v. If there is a power suply connected to the power jack. There is a USB to serial controller that contains the bootloader which is used to load programs into the ATMEGA328P. There is the power system, that chooses between the power jack and the USB power and produces 5v and 3v3 for the rest of the system. Like every complex system, it is modular.
I will attempt to explain how the hardware works as far as I understand it at the moment. How does the arduino work? What does each component do? How does it all come together?
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